antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period

Fetal station is -1 to -5 when the fetus is from 1 to 5 centimeters above the ischial spines and it is from +1 to +5 when the fetus is from 1 to 5 centimeters below the level of the maternal ischial spines. A term with the same meaning is the "antepartum" (from Latin ante "before" and parere "to give birth") Sometimes "antepartum" is however used to denote the period between the 24th/26th week of gestational age until birth, for example in antepartum hemorrhage. A hydatidform mole can be a complete or a partial molar pregnancy. Abstract Obstetric and Non-Obstetric Indications for Admission in the Antepartum and Postpartum Periods of Pregnancy. Gonorrhea can also be transmitted to the fetus in utero and also with delivery. Additionally, hospitalization for treatments and closer monitoring of the pregnant woman may be indicated to prevent the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with toxic shock syndrome during pregnancy. Mothers, particularly new mothers and significant others, need some assistance and support in terms of newborn care and infant feeding. The time period spanning childbirth, from the onset of labor through delivery of the placenta. This information is published in good faith and for general information purposes only. She has authored hundreds of courses for healthcare professionals including nurses, she serves as a nurse consultant for healthcare facilities and private corporations, she is also an approved provider of continuing education for nurses and other disciplines and has also served as a member of the American Nurses Association’s task force on competency and education for the nursing team members. For example, a home delivery may be a disadvantage when the mother and/or the neonate are in need for emergency care and treatments and a hospital delivery may be perceived by the parents as impersonal and unnatural. The greatest risk period for a urinary tract infection during pregnancy is from the 6th to the 24th week of pregnancy. Iron deficiency anemia and folic acid deficiency anemia are also complications of pregnancy during the antepartal period of time. Poor and absent bonding and attachments can lead to lifelong consequences such as mistrust, a lack of intimacy, and impairments in terms of cognitive and psychological development. The normal breastfeeding process includes the proper positioning of the infant and mother, latch on and the sucking and swallowing sequence. Research indicates that almost half of the women who develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy will have type 2 diabetes in the future. Related Term(s): Antepartum, Postpartum. Found insideThis up-to-date comprehensive and consolidated guideline on essential intrapartum care brings together new and existing WHO recommendations that when delivered as a package will ensure good-quality and evidence-based care irrespective of ... Spontaneous abortions are classified into a number of different types of spontaneous abortions. Ultrasound and a speculum examination confirm the diagnosis of a spontaneous abortion. AWHONN members who self-identified as antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum, or mother-baby nurses (N = 923, 8.2% response rate). Some choose cloth diapers and other new mothers choose disposable diapers. Related Term (s): Intrapartum, Postpartum. Urinary or blood human chorionic gonadotropin to diagnose a pregnancy, One hour glucose tolerance test and a possible three hour glucose tolerance test, Tests for HIV, hepatitis B, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, Group B streptococcus, chlamydia, streptococcus, and syphilis, Hgb electrophoresis to detect conditions like sickle cell anemia, Normal gestational growth and development, Normal physiological changes that occur during pregnancy. Oligohydramnios is defined as an insufficient amount of amniotic fluid; the normal volume of amniotic fluid is from 5 to 25 and values less than 5 are considered oligohydramnios. A singular cell is formed at the time of fertilization with mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis is the production of a single male sperm or a single female ova each of which has 23 pairs of chromosomes and, that, after fertilization form the zygote of 46 pairs of chromosomes. Found insideWhether you offer comprehensive pregnancy care in your primary care facility, or provide prenatal and postpartum care, this book delivers the guidance you need to optimize health for both mothers and their babies. Many institutions use continuous insulin and glucose infusions during the intrapartum period, although practices are widely variable. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). The necessity of fetal heart monitoring is underscored when the mother has complications such as abnormal uterine contractions, hypertension, diabetes, a post term pregnancy, and renal disease and/or the fetus is at risk as the result of one or more factors such as fetal distress, meconium stained amniotic fluid, multiple gestations, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, an abnormal contraction stress test, an abnormal nonstress test, bradycardia and intrauterine growth restriction. ANTEPARTUM AND POSTPARTUM CARE FOR WOMEN AND NEWBORNS 2013 . Face presentation positions are noted and documented as: Breech presentation positions are noted and documented as: Acromian presentation positions are noted and documented as: There are several types of delivery including: Vaginal deliveries are the most common form of delivery. Provide the best care possible with expert insight and clinically relevant coverage of the physiologic changes that occur throughout all major periods of the perinatal experience - prenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, and neonatal. : relating to the period before parturition : before childbirth antepartum infection antepartum care. Pregnant women also should make knowledgeable decisions about childbirth methods and childbirth preparation classes should they elect to take advantage of them. 4. Intrapartum Speaker. The risk factors associated with a folic acid deficiency include some medications that deplete folic acid, a history of a neural tube defect pregnancy in the past, an abnormal excessive excretion of folic acid, gastrointestinal malabsorption syndrome, and a less than adequate dietary intake of foods high in folic acid, coupled with the need for increased folic acid during pregnancy. A multilevel analysis of determinants of PMTCT service utilisation among women during the antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period in Ethiopia, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2021, pp. The local signs of infection are site pain, redness, heat, swelling and some bodily part dysfunction; and the systemic signs and symptoms of infection include fatigue, chills, hyperthermia, prodromal malaise, tachypnea, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, confusion, incontinence, abdominal cramping and diarrhea, among other signs and symptoms as based on the type of infection. Called also antepartal and prepartal. In addition to infection, another serious complication of premature rupture of the membranes is a prolapsed umbilical cord, accompanied with prolonged or variable deceleration, which can endanger the fetus prior to delivery. Culture, cultural practices and cultural beliefs can impact on the childbearing practices of many clients. Salpingitis is an inflammation or infection of the fallopian tubes; this infection most often occurs as the result of untreated endometritis and it can lead to life threatening pelvic inflammatory disease, massive sepsis, tubo-ovarian abscesses and infertility. The third stage of labor begins with the vaginal delivery of the baby and it ends when the products of conception, that is the placenta, are expelled. Describe each of the following antepartum procedures and list the indications and contraindications for each: Describe each of the following intrapartum procedures and list the indications and contraindications for each, Identify the pertinent issues regarding vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Fetal presentation is defined by where the fetus' presenting part is within the birth canal during labor. Attempted vacuum deliveries are ceased when there is no success after about one half hour. Anti/Intra/Postpartum and Newborn Care: NCLEX-RN, Introduction to the Female Reproductive System, Maternal Physical Changes During Pregnancy, Assessing the Client's Psychosocial Responses to Pregnancy, Assessing the Maternal Client For Antepartal Complications, Assessing the Client For the Symptoms of Postpartum Complications, Recognizing Cultural Differences in Childbearing Practices, Calculating the Expected Date of Delivery, Checking and Monitoring the Fetal Heart during Routine Prenatal Exams and During Labor, Assisting the Client with Performing/Learning Newborn Care, Providing Post-Partum Care and Education Including Discharge Instructions, Evaluating the Client's Ability to Care for the Newborn, Post-Master’s Certificate Nurse Practitioner, Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner (WHNP), Health Promotion & Maintenance Practice Test Questions, Assess client's psychosocial response to pregnancy (e.g., support systems, perception of pregnancy, coping mechanisms), Assess client for symptoms of postpartum complications (e.g., hemorrhage, infection), Recognize cultural differences in childbearing practices, Check fetal heart rate during routine prenatal exams, Assist client with performing/learning newborn care (e.g., feeding), Provide discharge instructions (e.g., post-partum and newborn care), Evaluate client's ability to care for the newborn, The medulla that contains ovarian circulation, The cortex which contains the corpora lutea, the ova and the follicles, Nausea and vomiting which is referred to as morning sickness, Fetal movement which is referred to as quickening, Hegar's sign which is changes to the lower portion of the uterus, A positive human chorionic gonadotropin or HCG test, Chadwick's sign which is a blue tinge to the vagina and cervix, Gooddell's sign which is the softening of the cervix, The ability to palpate the fetus which is referred to as fetal ballottement and, Cervical and uterine changes in terms of consistency, size and shape, The objective assessment of fetal movement, All maternal, preexisting congenital heart disorders, Cardiomyopathy associated with left ventricular dysfunction, Pulmonary hypertension secondary to Eisenmengger syndrome which is left to right cardiac shunting, Marfan syndrome, a genetic disorder that places the mother at risk for aortic dissection or rupture, Infections resulting from elevated urinary glucose such as urinary tract and vaginal infections, Macrosomia which is excessive birth weight, Pregnancy after the age of 35 years of age, Gastrointestinal alterations such as vomiting and nausea, Hyperreflexia, headache, clonus and dizziness which indicate neurological alterations, Elevated serum transaminase and elevated liver enzymes which indicate altered hepatic functioning, Oligura, a creatinine level more than 90 µmol/L and proteinuria, as afore mentioned, indicate altered renal functioning, The emergence of hemolysis, a low platelet count, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and HELLP which indicate alterations in the mother's circulatory system, Other circulatory system changes such as edema, Respiratory changes as the result of pulmonary edema, Damage to organs such as the brain, liver and kidneys, The administration of magnesium sulfate which is an anticonvulsant medication, The administration of corticosteroids which facilitates lung development for the fetus and better hepatic and platelet functioning, The administration of antihypertensive medications to control maternal hypertension and to prevent the complications associated with this hypertension, Maintaining urinary output at 30 mL per hour, Labor induction or a planned delivery as indicated, Maternal age < 17 years of age or > 35 years of age, Infections, such as chorioamnionitis and others, that adversely affect amniotic fluid, A previous history of spontaneous abortions, preterm births or miscarriages, Positioning on the left lateral position to decrease uterine activity, Insuring hydration to prevent oxytocin release which stimulates contractions, The administration of medications such as nifedipine or indomethacin to suppress contractions, and magnesium sulfate to relax smooth muscle and to suppress contractions, The administration of betamethasone to stimulate fetal lung surfactant production and to enhance fetal lung maturation, Hemorrhage including an intracranial bleed, Cardiac rate by 15 to 20 beats per minute, Arterial blood pressure by 10 to 15 mm Hg, Methylenedioxymethamphetaime (MDMA or Ecstasy): Memory and learning deficits, Leakage or gushing of the fluid from the vagina, Positive findings with a nitrazine paper test, The U of BUBBLE is the uterine fundus height, consistency and placement, The B of BUBBLE is the bowel and other gastrointestinal functioning, The second B of BUBBLE is bladder functioning, The L of BUBBLE is lochia amount, consistency, color and odor, The E of BUBBLE is episiotomy edema and redness, 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